Spinach

MATURITY & QUALITY

Maturity Indices

Spinach is selected for size and maximal recovery of clean leaves that are mid-maturity to young. Older and yellowing leaves are avoided when making the harvest cut. Generally 3-4 weeks of re-growth are required before a second harvest will yield adequate volume.

Quality Indices

Spinach, whether bunched or as leaves, should be uniformly green (generally not yellow-green), fully turgid, fairly clean, and free from serious damage. For bunched spinach, roots should be trimmed short to grade standards and petioles should be predominantly shorter than the leaf blade.

U.S. Grades: Bunched — U.S. No. 1, No. 2 (Oct. 1987). Leaves — U.S. Extra No. 1, No. 1, Commercial (Dec. 1946)

TEMPERATURE & CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE

Optimum Temperature

0°C (32°F); 95-98% R.H.

Spinach is highly perishable and will not maintain good quality for more than 2 weeks. Wilting, yellowing of leaves, and decay are likely to increase following storage beyond 10-14 days; faster at common distribution conditions of 5 to10°C (41 to 50°F).

In a 1994 UC Davis study, an average of 17, 28, and 45% of leaves of 16 varieties had decay after 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 5°C, respectively. After the same periods at 5°C, 18, 25, and 45% of the leaves showed some yellowing. Commercial varities such as Imperial Spring, Shasta, Polka, Spectrum and Sporter had notably longer shelf- life than did varieties Bossanova, Spark and Space.

Rates of Respiration

To calculate heat production, multiply ml CO₂/kg·hr by 440 to get BTU/ton/day or by 122 to get kcal/metric ton /day.

Rates of Ethylene Production

< 0.1µl / kg·hr at 20°C (68°F)

Responses to Ethylene

Spinach is highly sensitive to exogenous ethylene. Accelerated yellowing will result from low levels of ethylene during distribution and short-term storage. Do not mix loads such as apples, melons and tomatoes with spinach.

Responses to Controlled Atmosphere (CA)

Atmospheres of 7-10% O₂ and 5-10% CO₂ offer moderate benefit to spinach by  delaying yellowing. Spinach is tolerant to higher CO₂ concentration but no  increase in benefits has been observed. Package film for prewashed spinach leaves is selected to maintain 1-3% O₂ and 8-10% CO₂.